Global street design guide

Forewords XII|-XV
Prioritizing People in Street Designs XVI
About the Guide XVII
Streets around the World XVIIl
Global lnfluences XX
A New Approach to Street Design XXll
How to Use the Guide XXIV

Section A: Street Design Guidance
1 Defining Streets p.3
1.1 What is a Street p.4
1.2 Shifting the Measure of Success p.6
1.3 The Economy of Streets p.8
1.4 Streets for Environmental Sustainability p.9
1.5 Safe Streets Save Lives p.10
1.6 Streets Shape People p.12
1.7 Multimodal Streets Serve More People p.14
1.8 What is Possible p.16

2 Shaping Streets p.19
2.1 The Process of Shaping Streets p.20
2.2 Aligning with City and Regional Agendas p.22
2.3 Involving the Right Stakeholders p.24
2.4 Setting a Project Visionp.26
2.5 Communication and Engagement p.28
2.6 Costs and Budgets p.30
2.7 Phasing and Interim Strategies p.32
2.8 Coordination and Project Management p.34
2.9 Implementation and Materials p.36
2.10 Management p.38
2.11 Maintenance p.39
2.12 Institutionalizing Change p.40

3 Measuring and Evaluating Streets p.43
3.1How to Measure Streets p.44
3.2 Summary Chart p.46
3.3 Measuring the Stree p.48

4 Designing Streets for Great Cities p.53
4.1 Key Design Principles p.54

5 Designing Streets for Place p.57
5.1 Defining Place p.58
5.2 Local and Regional Contexts p.60
5.3 Immediate Context p.62
5.4 Changing Contexts 64

6 Designing Streets for People p.67
6.1 A Variety of Street Users 68
6.2 Comparing Street Users p.70

6.3 Designing for Pedestrians Overview p.72
6.3.1 Speed p.72
Variations p.73
6.3.2 Pedestrian Networks p.74
6.3.3 Pedestrian Toolbox p.76
6.3.4 Sidewalks p.78
Sidewalk Types p.79
Geometry p.80
Design Guidance p.82
6.3.5 Pedestrian Crossings p.84
Design Guidance p.84
Crossing Types p.86
6.3.6 Pedestrian Refuges p.88
6.3.7 Sidewalk Extensions p.89
6.3.8 Universal Accessibility p.90
6.3.9 Wayfinding p.91
6.4Designing for Cyclists p.92
6.4.1Overview p.92
Speed p.92
Variations p.93
Levels of Comfort p.93

6.4.2 Cycle Networks p.94
6.4.3 Cyclist Toolbox p.96
6.4.4 Cycle Facilities p.98
Facility Types p.99
Geometry p.100
Cycle Facilities at Transit Stops p.102
Protected Cycle Facilities at Intersections p.102
Cycle Signals p.103
Filtered Permeability p.103
Conflict Zone Markings p.103
6.4.5 Cycle Sharep.104

6.5 Designing for Transit Riders p.106

6.5.1 Overview p.106
Speed p.106
Variations p.107
6.5.2 Transit Networks p.108
6.5.3 Transit Toolbox p.110
6.5.4 Transit Facilities p.112
Facility Types p.113
Geometry p.114
6.5.5 Transit Stops p.116
Stop Types p.116
Stop Placement p.118
6.5.6 Additional Guidance p.119
Sharing Transit Lanes with Cycles p.119
Contraflow Lanes on One-Way Streets p.119
Rest Areas p.119
6.6 Designing for Motorists
6.6.1 Overview p.120
Speed p.120
Variations p.121
6.6.2 Motorist Networks p.122
6.6.3 Motorist Toolbox p.124
6.6.4 Travel Lanes p.126
Geometryp.128
6.6.5 Corner Radii p.130
6.6.6 Visibility and Sight Distance p.131
6.6.7 Traffic Calming Strategies p.132
6.7 Designing for Freight and Service Operators p.136
6.7.1 Overview p.136
Speed p.136
Variations p.137

6.7.2 Freight Networks p.138

6.7.3 Freight Toolbox p.140

6.7.4 Geometry p.141

6.7.5 Freight Management and Safety p.142

6.8 Designing for People Doing Business p.144
6.8.1 Overview p.144
Variations p.145
6.8.2 People Doing Business Toolbox p.146
6.8.3 Geometry p.147
6.8.4 Siting Guidancep.148

7 Utilities and Infrastructure p.151
7.1 Utilities p.152
7.1.1 Underground Utilities Design Guidance p.154
7.1.2 Underground Utilities Placement Guidancep.155
7.2 Green Infrastructurep.156
7.2.1 Green Infrastructure Design Guidance p.158
7.2.2 Benefits of Green Infrastructure p.159
7.3 Lighting and Technology p.160
7.3.1 Lighting Design Guidance p.162

8 Operational and Managernent Strategies p.165
8.1 Overview p.166
8.2 General Strategies p.167
8.3 Demand Management p.168
8.4 Network Management p.169
8.5 Volume and Access Management p.170
8.6 Parking and Curbside Management p.171
8.7 Speed Management p.172
8.8 Signs and Signals p.174

9 Design Controls p.177
9.1 Design Speed p.178
9.2 Design Vehicle and Control Vehicle p.180
9.3 Design Year and Modal Capacity p.181
9.4 Design Hour p.182


10 Streets p.187

10.1 Street Design Strategies p.188
10.2 Street Typologies p.190
10.3 Pedestrian-Priority Spaces p.192
10.3.1 Pedestrian-Only Streetsp.194
Example 1: 18 m p.194
Example 2: 22 m p.196
Case Study: Strøget; Copenhagen, Denmark p.198
10.3.2 Laneways and Alleys p.200
Example 1:8 m p.200
Example 2: 10 mp.202
Case Study: Laneways of Melbourne, Australia p.204
10.3.3 Parklets p.206
Example p.206
Case Study: Pavement to Parks; p.210
San Francisco, USA
10.3.4 Pedestrian Plazas p.212
Example p.212
Plaza Configurationsp.215
Case Study: Plaza Program; New York City, USA p.216
10.4 Shared Streets p.218
10.4.1 Commercial Shared Streets p.220
Example 1: 12 m p.220
Example 2: 14 m p.222
Case Study: Fort Street; Auckland, p.224
New Zealand
10.4.2 Residential Shared Streets p.226
Example 1:9 m p.226
Example 2: 10 m p.228
Case Study: Van Gogh Walk; London, UK p.230

10.5 Neighborhood Streets p.232
10.5.1 Residential Streets p.234
Example 1: 13 m p.234
Example 2: 16 m p.236
Example 3: 24 m p.238
Case Study: Bourke St., Sydney, Australia p.240
10.5.2 Neighborhood Main Streets p.242
Example 1: 18 m p.242
Example 2:22 m p.244
Example 3:30 m p.246
Case Study: St. Marks Rd.; Bangalore, India p.248
10.6 Avenues and Boulevards p.250
10.6.1 Central One-Way Streets p.252
Example 1: 18 m p.252
Example 2: 25 m p.254
Example 3:31 m p.256
Case Study: Second Ave.; New York City, USAp.258
10.6.2 Central Two-Way Streets p.260
Example 1: 20 m p.260
Example 2: 30 m p.262
Example 3: 40 m p.264
Case Study: Götgatan; Stockholm, Sweden p.266
10.6.3 Transit Streets p.268
Example 1: 16 m p.268
Example 2:32 m p.270
Example3:35 m p.272
Case Study: Swanston St.; Melbourne, Australia p.274
10.6.4 Large Streets with Transit p.276
Example 1:32 m p.276
Example 2: 38 m p.278
Case Study: Boulevard de Magenta; Paris, France p.280
10.6.5 Grand Streets p.282
Example 1:52 m p.282
Example 2: 62 m p.284
Example 3: 76 m p.286
Case Study: Av. 9 de Julio; Buenos Aires, Argentina p.288
10.7 Special Conditions p.290
10.7.1 Elevated Structure Improvement p.292
10.7.1 Elevated Structure Improvement p.292
Example: 34 m p.294
Case Study: A8ernA; Zaanstad, The Netherlands p.296
10.7.2 Elevated Structure Removal p.296
Example: 47 m p.296
Case Study: Cheonggyecheon; Seoul, South Korea p.298
10.7.3 Streets to Streams p.300
Example: 40 m p.300
Case Study: 21st Street; Paso Robles, USA p.302
10.7.4 Temporary Street Closures p.304
Example: 21 m p.304
Types of Temporary Street Closures p.304

Case Study: Raahgiri Day: Gurgaon, India p.308
10.7.5 Post-Industrial Revitalization p.310
Example: 20 m p.310
Case Study: Jellicoe St.; Auckland, New Zealand p.312
10.7.6 Waterfront and Parkside Streets p.314
Example: 30 m p.314
Case Study: Queens Quay; Toronto, Canada p.316
10.7.7 Historic Streets p.318
Example p.318
Case Study: Historic Peninsula; Istanbul, Turkey p.320
10.8 Streets in Informal Areas p.322
10.8.1 Overview p.324
10.8.2 Existing Conditions p.325
10.8.3 Recommendations p.326
Case Study 1: Calle 107; Medellin, Colombia p.328
Case Study 2: Khayelitsha; Cape Town,p.330
South Africa
Case Study 3: Street of Korogocho; Nairobi, Kenya p.332

11 Intersections p.335
11.1 Intersection Design Strategies p.336
11.2 Intersection Analysis p.338
11.3 Intersection Redesign p.339
11.4 Mini Roundabout p.340
11.5 Small Raised Intersection p.342
11.6 Neighborhood Gateway Intersection p.344
11.7 Intersection of Two-Way and One-Way Streets p.346
11.8 Major Intersection: Reclaiming the Corners p.348
11.9 Major Intersection: Squaring the Circle p.350
11.10 Major Intersection: Cycle Protection p.352
11.11 Complex Intersection: Adding Public Plazas p.354
11.12 Complex Intersection: Improving Traffic Circles p.356
11.13 Complex Intersection: Increasing Permeability p.358


Resources p.361
Acknowledgments p.362
Key Terms p.366
Notesp.368
References p.372

Appendix p.377
A. Conversion Chart p.377
B. Metrics Charts p.378
Physical and Operational Changes p.378
Use and Functional Changes p.381
Evaluating the Impacts p.384
C. Summary Chart of Typologies Illustratedp.386
D. User Section Geometries p.388
E. Assumptions for Intersection Dimensions p.390
Index p.392